Magnetoclimatological Record of Late Pleistocene Loess in the Southern Hunshandake Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia: A Threshold Response to the East Asian Summer Monsoon Variations

We report the first complete loess–paleosol record spanning last 130 kyr from southern extremity of Hunshandake Sandy Land (HSL) in central-eastern Mongolia. Our combined mineral magnetic and geochemical results demonstrate that during interglacial, front East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) extended to Inner Mongolia, consistent with modern observations climate change. However, glacial, typical parameters (e.g., susceptibility anhysteretic remanent magnetization their ratios), which have been successfully adopted denote EASM variations on Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), show only muted temporal cannot be readily correlated equivalent records main body CLP. Remarkably, Zr/Rb ratio, a robust indictor winter monsoon, is positively saturation isothermal demonstrating strong control wind vigor high-field signals dominated by lithogenic ferrimagnetic minerals. In contrast variable response regional paleoclimatic fluctuations, Rb/Sr Ba/Sr ratios (two indicators) faithfully track weak chemical weathering processes fine-scale oscillations, especially glacial. Additionally, we found higher proportions pedogenic high-coercivity minerals were formed may reflect relatively low rainfall but evapotranspiration HSL compared therefore attribute this complex threshold eastern